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Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (3 May 1748 – 20 June 1836), most commonly known as the Abbé Sieyès (), was a French Roman Catholic ''abbé'', clergyman and political writer. He was one of the chief political theorists of the French Revolution, and also played a prominent role in the French Consulate and First French Empire. His 1789 pamphlet ''What is the Third Estate?'' became the ''de facto'' manifesto of the Revolution, helping to transform the Estates-General into the National Assembly in June 1789. In 1799, he was among the instigators of the ''coup d'état'' of 18 Brumaire (9 November), which brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power. He also coined the term "''sociologie''" in an unpublished manuscript, and made significant theoretical contributions to the nascent social sciences.〔Jean-Claude Guilhaumou (2006). (« Sieyès et le non-dit de la sociologie : du mot à la chose » ). ''Revue d'histoire des sciences humaines''. No.15.〕
==Early life==
Sieyès was born on 3 May 1749 as the fifth child of Honoré and Annabelle Sieyès in the town of Fréjus in southern France.〔Van Deusen, Glyndon G., p. 11〕 Sieyès' father was a local tax collector who made a humble income, and while the family had some noble blood, they were commoners.〔 Sieyès' first education came by way of tutors and of the Jesuits. He also spent some time at the ''collège'' of the ''Doctrinaires'' of Draguignan.〔 Sieyès originally wanted to join the military and become a soldier, but his frail health, combined with his parents' piety, led him instead to pursue a religious career. The vicar-general of Fréjus offered aid to Sieyès, because he felt he was obliged to his father.〔Van Deusen, Glyndon G., p. 12〕
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